Language Reference

This page will briefly summarize the Wiring/Arduino programming language and give some implementation details. Until it's written please see the extensive docs on the Arduino website (or follow a direct link from below).

Unique Maple Additions
Arduino Doc Links
Recommended Reading

Unique Maple Additions

ASSERT(...): The ASSERT() function can be very useful for basic program debugging. The function accepts a boolean (eg, ASSERT(state == WAIT);); zero is false and any other number is true. If the boolean is true the assertion passes and the program continues as usual. If it is false the assertion fails: the program is halted, debug information is printed to USART2, and the status LED begins to throb in intensity (it's noticeably different from blinking). The debug information is printed at 9600 baud and consists of the filename and line number where the particular assertion failed.
Including assertions in a program increases the program size. When using libmaple from the command line they can be silently disabled by setting the MAPLE_DEBUG variable to 0 in src/lib/util.h; in this case all assertions pass without any lost clock cycles.

Arduino Doc Links

(this table pulled straight from http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Extended; functions with a ~~strike~~ are unimplemented)

Structure

setup()
loop()

Control Structures

Further Syntax

; (semicolon)
{} (curly braces)
// (single line comment)
/* */ (multi-line comment)
#define
#include

Arithmetic Operators

= (assignment operator)
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
* (multiplication)
/ (division)
% (modulo)

Comparison Operators

== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than)
> (greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)

Boolean Operators

&& (and)
|| (or)
! (not)

Pointer Access Operators

Bitwise Operators

& (bitwise and)
| (bitwise or)
^ (bitwise xor)
~ (bitwise not)
<< (bitshift left)
>> (bitshift right)

Compound Operators

++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
&= (compound bitwise and)
|= (compound bitwise or)

Variables

Constants

Data Types

Conversion

Variable Scope & Qualifiers

Utilities

sizeof() (sizeof operator)

Functions

Digital I/O

Analog I/O

Advanced I/O

~~tone()~~
~~noTone()~~
shiftOut()
~~pulseIn()~~

Time

Math

min()
max()
abs()
constrain()
map()
pow()
sqrt()

Trigonometry

sin()
cos()
tan()

Random Numbers

randomSeed()
random()

Bits and Bytes

External Interrupts

~~attachInterrupt()~~

~~detachInterrupt()~~

Interrupts

~~interrupts()~~

~~noInterrupts()~~

Communication

Serial

Looking for something else? Try the list of community-contributed code.